Showing posts with label Basic Electronics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Basic Electronics. Show all posts

Friday, December 21, 2018

December 21, 2018

What is Semiconductor, example of semiconductor material, application of semiconductor

What is Semiconductor, the example of semiconductor material, application of semiconductor

What is Semiconductor, example of semiconductor material, application of semiconductor
Silicon
image from Wikimedia

The semiconductor material is the heart of electronics engineering. We cannot think about electronics without semiconductor materials. Most electronics devices use semiconductor materials for making their internal components. Let�s learn about semiconductor very simply.
             Conductor means which conducts current. According to its name, �Semiconductor� implies that it cannot work completely as a conductor material, but it conducts current. So it is not a good conductor. On the other hand the semiconductor, not a good insulator. The electrical property of a semiconductor material lies between Conductor and insulator material.

Let�s learn why semiconductor is not a good conductor or not a good insulator.

Each material has two bands Conduction Band and Valance Band, and the gap between these two Bands is called Energy Band Gap. The free electrons of conduction Band participate in current conduction. In a semiconductor, the bonds between neighboring atoms are not very strong only moderately strong. Therefore this bond can easily break. When bonds are broken, electrons easily comes from valence band to conduction band which participates in current conduction. In the semiconductor, the energy band gap is very small.
What is Semiconductor, example of semiconductor material, application of semiconductor
Germanium
image from Wikimedia

Properties of Semiconductor Material:

1. Semiconductor Material not a good conductor or not a good insulator, its electrical properties lies between Conductor and insulator material. 
2. If the temperature of the semiconductor is increased then its resistance will be decreased.

Types of semiconductor:

1. Intrinsic semiconductor: 

The semiconductor without any impurities is called Intrinsic semiconductor.

2. Extrinsic semiconductor: 

The semiconductor doped by suitable impurities is called Extrinsic semiconductor.

There are two types of Extrinsic semiconductors,

1. P-type (The semiconductor doped by trivalent atom)
2. N-type (The semiconductor doped by pentavalent atom)

Uses of Semiconductor Material:

Most of electronics component made by Semiconductor Material like Diode, Transistors, IC s etc.

Examples of Semiconductor Material:


Silicon(Si), Germanium(Ge)  
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Friday, December 14, 2018

December 14, 2018

Can a step-up transformer be used as an amplifier?

Can a step-up transformer be used as an amplifier?



Can a step-up transformer be used as an amplifier,A Step Up Transformer can be used as an Amplifier, can a transformer work as an amplifier, Transformer vs amplifier.




In this article, we are going to know Can a step-up transformer be used as an amplifier or Not?
As a Step Up Transformer can increase the amplitude of the applied voltage or in the other word a Step Up Transformer can increase the amplitude of the voltage waveform and an Amplifier also can increase the amplitude of the voltage waveform. So you may think that a Step Up Transformer can be used as an Amplifier-that's wrong.
Why we cannot use a Step Up Transformer as an Amplifier described below.



Why we need Amplification?

Actually why we need amplification?. A Transducer or any other devices which can produce signals as our requirement. This type of devices produces very weak signals which cannot drive speakers and other output devices. In this cases, we need the amplification of these weak signals that means an increase of power of these signals. 



Which device can increase power without taking any auxiliary power?


There is no device which can increase the power of any signals without taking any auxiliary power source. If any device can increase power without taking any auxiliary power that means it generates energy. As we know that energy cannot be created or destroyed it can be transferred one form to another form. So this type of device not available.


Why a Step Up Transformer cannot be used for Amplification?


A Step Up Transformer cannot use for Amplification because if you are an Electrical Engineering student then you already know that a Step Up Transformer can increase only voltage, not power as it does not take any auxiliary power source. But we need to increase the power of the weak signals. So, for this reason, a Step Up Transformer cannot use for Amplification. 

Now you may think that a Transformer cannot increase power but how an Amplifier can increase power. There are many types of amplifier available and each type of amplifiers has different working. So I have tried to give a basic idea of working an amplifier in the below section.


How an Amplifier can increase Power?

An amplifier is a device which can increase the magnitude of the power of the weak signal which is given as input by using an auxiliary power supply(DC supply).  Actually, an amplifier generates a new output signal which has a power of high magnitude according to its input signal by taking an auxiliary DC power supply.


Can a step-up transformer be used as an amplifier, A Step Up Transformer can be used as an Amplifier, can a transformer work as an amplifier, Transformer vs amplifier.

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Sunday, October 14, 2018

October 14, 2018

Transistor behind the progress of the whole world : Working of a Transistor, Use of a Transistor.

Transistor behind the progress of the whole world: Working of a Transistor, Use of a Transistor.



Transistor behind the progress of the whole world : Working of a Transistor, Use of a Transistor.

If you want to know What is Transistor? working of a Transistor, Use of a transistor, What importance of Transistor? then this post will be helpful for you.
If I ask you what is the most important progress made by humankind. What will you say? Many people will say the case of fire, our species was in evolutionary rats unless we use our power. It gave us warmth to avoid harsh winter, this light has been extended on our days, these destructive forces have given us a weapon against the predators and this makes us cook our food, which allows our brain to grow. Our search of fire not only changed our technologies but our culture and way of life.

But, I will argue that we are currently living in equal or even more time of change. We are living in the time of incredible development, which has already started to change the way we live our lives. A huge percentage of our population linked to the Internet, the human race is much more intuitive than ever before. But what happened due to this amazing tool? What was an invention of our smartphone equipped generation? Transistor

The transistor is information itself, even this post is just a series of ones and zeros beaming across the planet to be interpreted by the processors in your computers. Without the transistor, you would not access the wealth of information online to do gain your knowledge, and you wouldn�t be able to read this post. You would not be able to see any videos on YouTube, You would not be able to chat with your friends on social sites. I would not able to share this post on the internet. So actually, the whole technology depends on the transistor.

The transistor is so simple, but it is the foundation of all our modern computers, Smartphones, Tablets. Digital circuits cannot be made without transistors.

If you do search on the internet 'how a Transistor works ?', you will get many answers. So in this post, I am not saying the deeply about working Transistor. I am only trying to explain the importance of Transistor for the growth of the world.


What is a Transistor?


A Transistor is an Active Device. A transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device. A simple Description about construction and working of Transistor is given below. 


A simple Description about construction and working of Transistor:

Silicon is a semiconductor, which means that its operational properties can be prepared by presenting impurities in the crystal structure. The silicon has 4 electrons in its valence shell, it is an outer orbit for electrons and it determines the many chemical properties of the atom. Atoms want 8 electrons in that shell, because of which they are made very stable.

  Therefore silicon easily creates covalent bonding to 4 neighboring silicon atoms to achieve those additional electrons. Now if we present those pure impurities in this pure silicon crystal, then we can change how this present holds. If we add phosphorus, in which its valence shell has 5 electrons, then additional electron crystal structure is left free to rotate.

  This extra electron charges N-type negatively, from which the name comes. P-type is positive charge because it is doped with boron, in which its valence shell has three electrons. This structure wants to achieve the ultimate electron and steals the electrons from its neighbor's atoms, this is a mobile positive charge, which is called a hole. Thus the conductivity of materials has increased because we have increased the number of mobile tariffs.

  When we arrange the N-type and P-type semiconductor in this way and attach the terminal to each, we make the world's most popular transistors. Transistor works on the N-type and P-type junction, due to the interaction of those free electrons and holes. The free electron in P-Type will be migrated to fill those holes in P-Type. They form a boundary layer that is called a decreasing layer which prevents more electrons that pass through each other due to negative charges. But, when a positive voltage is applied on the base, then it rejects the layer of that deficiency and permits electrons to flow through the circuit to complete it.
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