Showing posts with label Digital Electronics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Digital Electronics. Show all posts

Saturday, November 24, 2018

November 24, 2018

Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller and CPU-Explained in detail.

Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller and CPU


Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller and CPU, Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller, Difference between Microprocessor and CPU


If you are an Electronics Engineering student or an Electrical Engineering student then you may hear the terms Microprocessor, Microcontroller, and CPU. Most of the students have a confuse that what is the Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller, Difference between Microprocessor and CPU. In this article, we are going to know the Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller and CPU.

What is a Microprocessor?

The microprocessor is an electronic logic circuit made by semiconductor devices like transistors, diodes mounted on a single semiconductor chip. The microprocessor can perform or process various computing functions that is why it is called a microprocessor.

What is the difference between Microprocessor and CPU?

To get the answer of this question we must know about the processor. Actually, the term Processor is much known to most of the people than Microprocessor. The processor is also known as CPU(Central Processing Unit).
The Microprocessor consists of ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit), Registers and Timing and Control unit on a single chip.
But the CPU does not consist all the above functions on a single chip. CPU is implemented more than one circuit boards.
So the Microprocessor is in many ways similar to the CPU only the difference is the Microprocessor includes all the logic circuits, including the control unit on one chip. CPU is large in size but microprocessor is small in size. So this is the difference between Microprocessor and CPU.

What is the difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller?


Now one thing you must know that the only microprocessor cannot perform any computing functions or you cannot use the only microprocessor to perform your tasks you must need some peripheral devices like RAM, ROM etc. When Microprocessor and other peripherals like RAM, ROM are mounted in one single chip then it is called microcontroller. This is the main difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller.

 The other differences between Microprocessor and Microcontroller are given below,


  1. The microprocessor has few bits handling instructions. But Microcontroller has many bits handling instructions.
  2. The microprocessor has less number of pins are multifunctional. But Microcontroller has more number of pins are multifunctional.
  3. The microprocessor is much faster than Microcontroller.
  4. The microprocessor-based system required more additional hardware but Microcontroller based system required less additional hardware.

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Monday, November 5, 2018

November 05, 2018

Concepts of Semiconductor Memory in Digital Circuit. Internal structure of Semiconductor Memory.

 Semiconductor Memory


Concepts of Memory in Digital Circuit. Internal structure of Semiconductor Memory. SD Cards.



I think all of you heard the word "Memory". There are many books and blogs where you can learn about the details of memory. Even some of you already know about Memory. But are you know how a Semiconductor Memory is designed. In this post, we are going to learn about the only basic concept of  Memory in Digital circuit and Internal structure of Semiconductor memory.



Semiconductor Memory in Digital Circuit: 

             Memory is a device which can store data in the form of binary. A semiconductor memory is used as a primary memory in the computer and other electronic devices. Most of the semiconductor memory is used Random Access Memory(RAM) because it has much faster access times than other types of data storage devices.





The internal structure of Semiconductor Memory:







Concepts of Memory in Digital Circuit. Internal structure of Semiconductor Memory.Semiconductor Memory.



                                              See the above diagram. The basic structure of memory is given in the above figure. As you see the above figure the memory is consisting of a no of registers. Each registers consisting of no of Flip-Flops. In the below figure each register consisting of 8 Flip-flops. Flip-flops are made by Logic Gates. And Logic gates are made by the transistor. So actually each bit of any binary data stored in a flip-flop. It also called memory cell.


              We already have known that a Flip-flop circuit can store one-bit data that means 0 or 1. So the whole memory is made by flip-flop circuits. As you see each register has 8 flip-flops so one register can store 8 bit or 1-byte data. In the majority of Memory Card, each register has 8 flip-flops.
Each register is indicated by a location that is called memory location or address. You can see according to the above figure the memory address starting from 0000 to FFFF.


  I hope you understood the concepts of Semiconductor Memory in Digital Circuit. The internal structure of Semiconductor Memory.

To better understand the concept of the Semiconductor memory you should know the below topics,


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Saturday, November 3, 2018

November 03, 2018

3 to 8 decoder circuit diagram. 3 to 8 decoder truth table.

Circuit Design of 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display. 

3 to 8 decoder circuit diagram. 3 to 8 decoder truth table. Circuit Design of 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display.


Decoder Circuit is a very useful circuit of Digital Electronics. It is a Combinational Logic Circuits. These circuits are used to decode the data into a signal. These circuits are also used to run Seven segment displays.
In this post, we will see the circuit of 3 to 8 decoder using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and seven segment display.

                              You can make a 3 to 8 decoder circuit using only a single IC which is already available in the market. But for understanding the basics of 3 to 8 decoder circuit, how a 3 to 8 decoder circuits work, these circuits which shown below are very important.
The below circuits are made by the basic logic gates i.e. AND Gate, NOT Gate, OR gate.


The simple 3 to 8 Decoder circuit using NOT Gate, AND Gate and LEDs:  

This is the very simple circuit. According to your inputs, only one led will be glow at a time. you can make this circuit in your school projects. See the circuit carefully and make the circuit. The wires are indicated by different colors to easily understand the circuit.

 Click on the below image to view original.

3 to 8 decoder circuit diagram. 3 to 8 decoder truth table. Circuit Design of 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display.



After making the circuit connect Vcc and GND to the 5V DC supply and start giving the inputs. If your LEDs have a very low current rating, you can connect the resistor in series with the LED.
According to the above circuit diagram, the table of Inputs and LEDs is given below.



3 to 8 decoder circuit diagram. 3 to 8 decoder truth table. Circuit Design of 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display.


Circuit Design of 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display:

Now, Let's make the circuit 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display. This Circuit is very complicated as here used only the basic logic gates. See the circuit carefully and make the circuit.

 Click on the below image to view original.

3 to 8 decoder circuit diagram. 3 to 8 decoder truth table. Circuit Design of 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display.



The Seven Segment display has ten terminals. Five terminals at the top side and five terminals at the bottom side. At first, check the Display and mark every(a,b,c,d,e,f,g) terminal as per the circuit diagram. The a,b,c,d,e,f,g terminals are very important and it must be connected correctly as per the circuit diagram. After making the circuit diagram connect Vcc and GND to the 5V DC supply and start giving the inputs. As it is a 3 to 8 Decoder circuit, you can see the number 0 to 7 on the seven segment display.


3 to 8 decoder circuit diagram. 3 to 8 decoder truth table. Circuit Design of 3 to 8 Decoder Circuit using AND, OR, NOT Gate ICs and Seven Segment Display.





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Sunday, October 14, 2018

October 14, 2018

What is Binary Coding. Concepts of Binary Number.

What is Binary Coding? Concepts of Binary Number.

What is Binary Coding. Concepts of Binary Number.
Are you know what is Binary, what is binary coding? When the concepts of Binary Number came. This post will give you a different knowledge of binary. 
The Transistor is very very important and useful device. Every smartphone, Computers, laptops, tablets and many others electronic devices, gadgets are made by Transistors. Nowadays each electronics devices has digital circuits and digital circuit means binary operation. In this post, you will know about the concept of binary, the relation between binary coding and transistor.

Before reading this post you must know How a Transistor works. If you do not know how a transistor works, read the post  Working of a Transistor, use of Transistor.

                                                   When the transistor not discovered, we used vacuum tubes which were these bulky evacuated glass bulbs. The triode vacuum tube consisted of three parts, the cathode, grid, and anode. When a current is passed through the cathode it begins to heat up, and it releases electrons. As there are no gases in the tube the electrons have very little resistance to their movement and they are attracted to the positively charged anode. This completes the circuit and current flows through it. We can manipulate this flow of electrons in many ways with the grid. 

                                 We can use it as a switch. If we connect a light bulb here it will only light up when there is a positive voltage across the grid. And when we apply a negative voltage the negative charge will repel electrons trying to pass through. This concept gives birth to binary coding, which is the 1 and 0 and subsequently digital information. Here 1 means positive voltage and 0 means negative voltage. 1 turns the light on, 0 turns it off.
                                    
                                                     Transistor also has the function very similar to the vacuum tube. Modern electronic devices like mobiles, computers, laptops have billion of Transistors, which perform the same job as the vacuum tubes.

                                                 Let's know how a computer does all these complex tasks that we see today. Let's look at a very basic example. Let's add two numbers together. At first, we have to learn how numbers are represented in binary, it is 1 and 0 which is used to store the data. This number is 15, which with 4 bits you can represent the largest number. The first bit represents 1, represents the next 2, then 4 and finally 8, which adds to the 5th. This pattern continues with each successive bit which indicates the last time, so if we add an extra bit, then we can count to 31. Let's add 5 and 6 together. To do this, we want a circuit that will keep 1 in 1 position in 1 position and 1 will go forward when both will be 1, as you can see that it will give us number 11. A Half Adder circuit which is a very simple digital circuit that can do this. There are two types of logic gates in this circuit, these are the tools that can modify the binary code, they are made using the transistor. The first XOR logic gate, which gives only 1, is one of the inputs, if both are 0 or 1 then it gives 0. The second logic gate is another gate, which gives 0 for everything except the input is 1.
Modern computers, laptops, mobiles can perform millions of calculations per second.

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October 14, 2018

Easy way to understand What is Logic Gate.

The easy way to understand What is Logic Gate.


Easy way to understand What is Logic Gate.what is logic gate? logic gates, symbols of logic gates.types of logic gates




If you are interested in electronics, then you need to know about What is logic gates because everything in electronics is made up of logic gates. Integrated circuits (ICs) are built of logic gates. You will get much information about logic gates on books and the internet but in this post, you will learn basic of logic gate which is more important.


             At first, we will learn actually what a Logic Gate is. Logic Gates is the digital electronics circuit. We already have known that every electrical and electronic circuit have input and output. Similarly, logic gates have input and output. Now a question is arise why it is called a digital circuit. Logic gates are called digital circuit because here the signal (input or output) must be one of two discrete levels. Each level is interpreted as one of two different states (example ON/OFF or High/Low).



                 You can call Logic Gates as an electronic switch. Now an important topic is that how Logic gates are made or what inside a logic gate. Logic Gates are primarily implemented using diodes or transistors, but can also be constructed using vacuum tubes, electromagnetic relays even mechanical elements. In modern practice, most gates are made from Field Effect Transistors, particularly MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors).

   There are many devices like Multiplexer, Registers, ALU, Flip-Flops are made of "Logic gates".
Logic Gates are available in form of IC. Like  IC7400, IC7408, IC7404 etc.


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